Substances capable of altering the genetic patterns of living cells are known as?

The correct answer is substances capable of altering the genetic patterns of living cells are known as mutagens. Mutagens are agents, such as chemicals or radiation, that can cause changes in the DNA sequence of an organism. These changes, or mutations, can lead to various outcomes, including the potential development of diseases or other genetic conditions.

To give some context: carcinogens are specific types of mutagens that lead to cancer, but not all mutagens are carcinogenic. Teratogens, on the other hand, specifically affect fetal development and cause abnormal growth or birth defects but do not necessarily alter the genetic material in all living cells. Pathogens refer to microorganisms that can cause disease but do not alter genetic patterns. Understanding these distinctions is crucial when studying the impacts of various substances on health and genetics.