The presence of which pigment primarily determines the color of the skin?

The color of the skin is primarily determined by melanin, which is a pigment produced by melanocytes in the skin. Melanin is responsible for a range of skin tones, from very light to very dark, and provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The amount and type of melanin in the skin are influenced by genetic factors and sun exposure, contributing to ethnic diversity in skin color.

Carotene, another pigment found in the skin, can impart a yellow or orange tint, particularly in areas with a higher concentration of the pigment, such as the palms and soles. However, it is not the primary determinant of skin color.

Hemoglobin, the pigment found in red blood cells, can affect skin coloration, especially in terms of flushing or pallor, but it is not a direct contributor to the overall skin tone.

Cholesterol does not play a role in determining skin color. Its primary functions are related to cell membrane structure and serving as a precursor for steroid hormones.

Therefore, melanin is the correct answer as it is the main pigment responsible for the various shades of skin tone across different individuals.