Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the scalp and back of the head?

The correct answer is the occipital artery, which is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the scalp and the back of the head. This artery branches off from the external carotid artery and travels toward the back of the skull, specifically supplying the posterior scalp region. Its significance lies in its role in ensuring adequate blood flow to the areas of the scalp, supporting hair follicles and overall scalp health.

Understanding the functions of other arteries involved can provide further clarity. The carotid artery mainly supplies the head and neck but does not focus specifically on the scalp and back of the head. The temporal artery, a branch of the external carotid artery, is primarily responsible for blood supply to the temples and portions of the face, while the frontal artery supplies the forehead and frontal region of the scalp. These areas have distinct blood supply pathways, giving the occipital artery its unique importance for the scalp and back of the head.