Which ingredient is commonly referred to as baking soda?

The ingredient commonly referred to as baking soda is indeed sodium bicarbonate. This compound is a white crystalline powder that is widely used in cooking, especially in baking, as a leavening agent. When mixed with acidic ingredients and moisture, sodium bicarbonate produces carbon dioxide gas, which causes doughs and batters to rise, leading to the light and fluffy texture that is characteristic of baked goods.

In addition to its culinary uses, sodium bicarbonate is also utilized in various applications including cleaning, deodorizing, and in some personal care products for its mild abrasive and alkaline properties. Its ability to balance pH levels makes it effective in treating minor skin irritations and is often found in cosmetic formulations.

The other options do not represent baking soda. Sodium chloride, commonly known as table salt, serves a different chemical purpose and does not have leavening properties. Potassium bicarbonate is used as a potassium supplement and in certain baked products but is not as common as baking soda. Calcium carbonate, while used in some baking and as a dietary supplement, is primarily a calcium source and does not serve the same leavening function as sodium bicarbonate.