Which pigment gives skin its color and protects against UV rays?

Melanin is the pigment that is primarily responsible for giving skin its color. It is produced by melanocytes, which are specialized cells in the skin. The amount and type of melanin in the skin determine the variation in skin tone among individuals. In addition to providing color, melanin plays a critical role in protecting the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It absorbs UV light and helps to prevent DNA damage that can lead to skin cancer, effectively acting as a natural sunscreen.

This protective function of melanin is particularly important as it helps to mitigate the risks associated with sun exposure. Individuals with higher levels of melanin tend to have a lower incidence of certain types of skin cancer compared to those with less melanin. Thus, melanin serves not only an aesthetic function by contributing to skin pigmentation but also a vital protective role in skin health.