Which process is used to kill or eliminate all forms of microorganisms?

Sterilization is the process used to kill or eliminate all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. This method ensures that surfaces, instruments, and materials are completely free of viable pathogens, making it the highest level of microbial control. Sterilization can be achieved through various methods, such as autoclaving (steam under pressure), dry heat, or chemical agents, depending on the nature of the items being sterilized and the types of microorganisms present.

Sanitation, disinfection, and decontamination are all important processes in infection control but do not achieve the complete elimination of all microorganisms that sterilization does. Sanitation primarily reduces the number of microorganisms to safe levels, disinfection kills or inactivates many pathogens, but not all, and decontamination involves the removal of contaminants from surfaces, which may not necessarily ensure full sterility. Therefore, the ability of sterilization to completely rid objects of all microorganisms distinguishes it as the correct answer to the question.